Research Questions:
How do highways impact guanacos’ movement?
Do guanacos respond differently to roads with varying traffic volumes?
Hypothesis and Predictions
I hypothesize that guanaco movement will be impacted by the highway and that guanancos will avoid crossing roads with high traffic.
- Guanacos are less likely to cross the highway
- Guanacos will be more likely to cross at night since they are more active
- Female guanacos will be less likely to cross the highway since they often have chulengos (baby guanacos)
Study Area
Code
rutas <- st_read("/Users/zoefairlie/Desktop/Thesis/rutas_all_roads.shp", quiet = TRUE)
highway <- st_read("/Users/zoefairlie/Desktop/Thesis/highway.shp", quiet = TRUE)
tourist <- st_read("/Users/zoefairlie/Desktop/Thesis/caminos2.shp", quiet = TRUE)
park_roads <-st_read("/Users/zoefairlie/Desktop/Thesis/park_roads.shp", quiet = TRUE)
tourist <- st_transform(tourist, st_crs(highway))
park_roads <- st_transform(park_roads, st_crs(highway))
road_data = highway %>% mutate(type = 'Highway') %>% select(type) %>%
rbind(tourist %>% mutate(type = 'Visitor Road') %>% select(type)) %>%
rbind(park_roads %>% mutate(type = 'Park Roads') %>% select(type)) %>%
st_cast("LINESTRING") %>%
st_as_sf() %>%
group_by(type) %>%
summarise(geometry = st_union(geometry))
st_as_s2(): dropping Z and/or M coordinate
st_as_s2(): dropping Z and/or M coordinate
Code
map_tile <- annotation_map_tile(type =
paste0('https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/NatGeo_World_Map',
'/MapServer/tile/${z}/${y}/${x}.jpeg'),
zoom = 9,
cachedir = "tile_cache",
alpha = .7)
ggplot(data = road_data) +
map_tile +
geom_sf(data = road_data, aes(color = type,size = type), alpha = 0.6, show.legend = "line") +
scale_color_manual(name = 'Road Type',
values = c('Highway' = '#d95d67', 'Visitor Road' = '#ff9e4d',
'Park Roads' = '#A9866D')) +
scale_size_manual(name = 'Road Type',
values = c('Highway' = 2, 'Visitor Road' = 1,
'Park Roads' = .5))+
# geom_point(aes(x = Longitude, y = Latitude), shape = 16, alpha = .3) +
# scale_color_manual(name = 'id',
# values = color_pal[1]) +
#geom_path(data = test, aes(x = Longitude, y = Latitude)) +
# scale_colour_manual(name = "Bird ID",
# values = rainbow(length(unique(tracksgeo$id))),
# breaks = unique(tracksgeo$id)) +
coord_sf() +
theme_void() +
theme(legend.position = 'right',
panel.grid = element_blank())
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Differences in Road Crossings by Road Type
Note: Guanaco data spans from October 2019 through November 2021.
